LINDEN

 

STRUCTURE:

 

There are many different species. Summer lime, winter lime, silver, and Caucasian lime are common. There are mature wood trees. Its outer wood is wide. It is messy porous. Year rings give an ambiguous appearance in all sections. So are the core rays. The pores are small. The detail is invisible to the naked eye. The color of inner wood and outer wood is similar.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is a very soft tree. It is co-structured. It’s texture and appearance are smooth. It is tight and thin. It is flexible. It pulls a lot while drying. It deteriorates in short air. It has little resistance to physical effects. It is processed very easily. It connects weakly with nails and screws, good connection with glue. It is hardly varnished.

 

Weight:

 

Air dry weight is 0.40 gr / cm3 (Specific weight).

 

POPLAR

 

STRUCTURE:

 

Aspen, Al poplar, Konak poplar, Pyramid poplar and Canadian poplar are the most common species. The entire body shows the feature of outer wood. Al poplar does not make belly. Other species belong to the group of mature wood trees. All poplar species are scattered porous. Year rings and veins do not give specific images. Pores and essence rays are not visible to the naked eye.

 

COLOR:

 

Brown poplar wood is sometimes found in the poplar, which is white, off-white and yellowish-white depending on the type.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is very soft, rough and loose. The convenient cut works little, it cuts easily, but it blinds the cutting edges of the tools quickly. It bonds well with glue. Its resistance to physical effects is weak. It is well painted. It is hardly varnished.

 

Weight:

 

The specific weight of air dried poplar is 0.45gr / cm3.

 

CHESTNUT

 

GROWING:

 

South of Europe and in the middle of Europe, the Balkans in Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Greece, in Turkey in the Caucasus, in Italy and southern slopes Alper Alptekin, in Spain, is located in the North African natives. In our country: It grows in the Black Sea coasts, around Istanbul, in the Aegean region, in the east of Antalya.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It is very similar to oak as timber. The belly is wood. The outer wood is narrow and the inner wood is wide. The circle is porous. Spring texture is porous that the body can be seen. It is invisible with its pores in autumn texture. The core rays are invisible, which is the most important feature that distinguishes them from oak.

 

COLOR:

 

Its outer wood becomes dirty yellow, sometimes white or gray. Its inner wood is yellow brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is made hard, tight, flexible. Frangible. It is easy to twist because it is long thread. It works less. It is easy to process. It is resistant to the damaging effect of air. It is very well painted. It is varnished well. It has outstanding resistance under water. Nails or glue make a good connection.

 

WEIGHT:

 

Air dry specific gravity is 0,56 gr / cm 2.

 

USEFULNESS of:

 

It is used outside the structures, in joinery, bridges and pier feet. It is considered as massive and veneer in furniture production. It is a tree that is especially sought in bending furniture.

 

 

PEAR

 

GROWING:

 

Turkey are scattered across the entire region.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It belongs to mature wood trees group. It is messy porous. The annual ring is determined. The pores are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Some types are shimmering.

 

COLOR:

 

It is obviously red brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It has medium hard texture. While drying, it attracts a lot and changes shape. It suffers from hungry after drying well. It is less flexible. It is fragile. easy to process. It is not very resistant to moist air. It is co-structured. It is very well painted and varnished.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The weight of the air dry is 0.70 gr / cm 3.

 

Usefulness of:

 

It is used in massive and especially veneer furniture production, turning, hanging works, sculpture making, inlay works such as miter and ruler.

 

BIRCH

 

GROWING:

 

It grows in the Eastern Black Sea and Eastern Anatolian regions. It is named as beech or broom woodman in the region where it grows.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It is known as ordinary birch and white birch. It belongs to the group of mature trees. It is messy porous. There are no specific and structural differences in the spring and autumn textures. However, it is darker in autumn. It is long thread and smooth.

 

COLOR:

 

The inner wood and outer wood are the same color. Birch agriculture is a white tree. Sometimes a narrow part close to the navel is very light brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is tight and thin. It is a medium hard wood. It is flexible. It has good resistance to physical effects. It is difficult to split. Easy to apply. It works and cracks while drying. It creates difficulties in turning work. It is resistant to open air and will rot immediately. Connection with nails and screws is poor. It adheres well with glue. It holds very good paint and varnish.

 

WEIGHT:

 

Air dry specific gravity is 0.62 gr / cm 3.

 

Usefulness of:

 

It is a good furniture tree. It is used in sitting furniture, carved works, musical instruments, sled and ski, plywood production, barrel, reel shuttle, shoe mold making.

 

 

OLIVE

 

GROWING:

 

Homeland is Turkey. It grows especially in the Aegean and Marmara.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

The pores are scattered so that they are not visible to the naked eye. The heat rays are uncertain. It belongs to the group of trees with navel trees.

 

COLOR:

 

The outer wood is light yellow, the inner wood is light or dark brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is a tight and hard wood. It is usually easy to handle. It gives a smooth surface. Its resistance to air exchange is limited. Its physical strength is moderate. The working rate of dry olives decreases.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The specific gravity average is 0.94 gr / cm3.

 

USE:

 

It is mostly used as coating in furniture production. It provides a unique appearance due to the olive vein pattern. It is used for making brush handles and trinkets.

 

OAK

 

PLACEMENT PLACES:

 

commingled in all forests in Turkey, sometimes located in a separate forest. Especially in Thrace, there is abundant oak around Marmara and olu. In the regions where it grows, it is sometimes called pelit and sometimes acorn tree.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It is from the group of belly wood trees. Its outer wood is narrow. The circle is porous. There are bright flakes or strips in the eucleus. The type of tree in which the core rays appear most prominently is oak. In its rays, its appearance in matt section is in dark colored lines. In the spring tissue, the pores shrink and tighten. Year rings are evident. The vein patterns formed by the pores appear in the vein section. There are many different types of oak. For this reason, it is natural to encounter oak trees with different structural qualities. It is generally coarse textured and large porous.

 

COLOR:

 

The color of the oak is usually dirty yellow. Its outer wood is dirty yellowish white. Belly wood is dark yellow. The outer wood of some species is light pink, the belly wood is light brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

There are about 400 species of oak tree. It is very difficult to distinguish these species from each other. It is evaluated according to its hardness and softness in woodworking and furniture industry. Although oak is not hard and soft, it mostly depends on where it grows. Narrow and dense oak timber has a uniform texture and is generally soft. The timber of thick and sparse oak is hard. It is difficult to process. Oak usually runs little. Coke is split. Some types are medium hard, some are hard. Among the types of oak, there are less flexible and very flexible ones. Types of softwood are easy to process. It is the tree that shows the greatest resistance against the damaging effects of air and moisture. The outer wood is not as durable as the inner wood. Due to the abundant toner it contains, the tree that can be painted best is oak. Especially in chemical paints and this situation is clearly visible. Easy to varnish. However, it is more suitable to be used in matte varnishing works since it is large porous.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The specific gravity of the oak air dryness is on average 0.86 g / cm3.

 

USE:

 

It is used in the outer and inner sections of thick and sparse ringed hard oak timber structures, in doors, windows, stairs, flooring and parquet construction. Hard oak timber gives positive results in tool handles, keg, wagon, car, ship, boat, bridge and pier feet. Massive and veneer of soft type oak is a sought after tool in furniture production, interior parts of buildings, decoration applications.

 

BEECH

 

GROWING:

 

Black Sea in Turkey, located in the interior of Thrace and Marmara coast. Some of the foresters and lumberjacks are named as hornbeam hornbeam and the fired (red) hornbeam is beech.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It is from the group of mature wood trees, year rings are open and do not appear certain. Messy reliable. The pores are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Year rings are sometimes wavy. There are self-evident rays.

 

COLOR:

 

It is mostly yellowish white, sometimes gray white.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is very hard, heavy and tight. It is resistant to bending. It is difficult to split. It is hard to process but gives a clean surface. It works hard. Many cracks hump at the end of the study. Especially in changing weather conditions, it deteriorates in a short time and the caries are well varnished.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The specific gravity of the air horn of the white horn is about 0.75 gr / cm3.

 

USE:

 

It is not suitable for use in construction carpentry and furniture production. It gives a positive result in small size but should be solid. It is used in tools made of wood. (Kitchen appliance, shoe mold, measuring tools etc.)

 

EXTERIOR LEG

 

GROWING:

 

It is located on the Black Sea, Marmara and Thrace coasts and in the inner parts of Central Anatolia. It is usually in a mixed forest state. The upper lonely forest forms around Adapazarı.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It belongs to mature wood trees group. Its outer wood is wide. The formation of belly wood starts in the outer knot of an average of 50 years. The pores are distributed in a circle. It is large and very porous. They have selfies, but they do not give a bright and specific look. The spring ring is loose and large porous, the autumn ring is tight and fine porous. Therefore, it gives a live vessel view. Sometimes it becomes wavy, glitter, flowery.

 

COLOR:

 

The outer wood of the outer bud is very close to white. The inner wood is light brown. It gets darker over time.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is a hard, heavy, tightly built tree. It is easy to process. It is difficult to split. It is durable in dry environment. It quickly deteriorates from the changing effects of air. It is not easily destroyed by insects and microorganisms. It focuses if stored in inappropriate conditions. It attracts a lot. Makes medium connections with glue, nail and screw. It is varnished well. It is hardly painted with water paints.

 

WEIGHT:

 

Air dry specific gravity is 0.68 gr / cm3.

 

USE:

 

It is not suitable to be used as building timber. It is widely used in massive and veneer furniture production. It gives positive results in turning. It is used in plywood production. Apart from furniture and interior architecture, it is used in tool making, sports vehicles.

 

ELM

 

GROWING:

 

It grows as a forest in the Black Sea regions and scattered in other regions.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

Elm is a wood with a belly wood. The circle is porous. Spring texture is light colored, very porous and rough. The autumn texture is cove colored, smaller porous and has a stonework. Their essences appear in light brown small bright flakes, especially in the profile. The pores that make up the conductive texture of the carrot are large. It is shaped like a needle tear and is visible to the naked eye. Annual rings are clear. There are live and certain vessel ornaments in the vascular section.

 

COLOR:

 

The outer wood in the newly cut elm is yellowish white. It darkens over time and becomes light red brown. The inner wood is light brown chocolate brown color.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

Ova Elm is the most valuable species. The technical characteristics of the plain carrot and the mountain carrot are equivalent. The quality of the pans is lower than the others. The timber of the lowland carrot is hard and made of a gum. It has long fibers and is durable like oak. It has good resistance to pressure. It is difficult to process. Quickly blinds the cutting tools. It is well painted and varnished.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The specific gravity of the air dry is approximately 0.64 g / cm 3.

 

USE:

 

It is a good furniture tree. It is widely used in furniture production as a massive and veneer. It is sought after due to its rich vein patterns. The pattern becomes more beautiful in root coatings. It gives the opportunity to produce furniture with a unique appearance. It is used in lathing, parquet production, boatbuilding, bridge and pier construction.

 

WALNUT

 

GROWING:

 

Turkey grows almost anywhere. It does not create a forest. It is grown in gardens and fields.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It is from the group of belly wood trees. The outer wood is narrow. It is messy porous. The pores forming the spring texture are the large pores forming the autumn texture. Year rings are precise and distinctly separated. The pores are small holes in the cross section. It appears in the form of needle tear in the core and vein section. The walnut's own rays are invisibly small. Due to the difference between the spring and autumn textures and the color, parallel lines of different colors are seen in the profile. Rich vein patterns with vein sections are formed. There are veined, wavy and shining types. The root coatings removed from the walnut near the root give the possibility to obtain very vivid symmetrical patterns. Such coatings are especially sought after in classical furniture production.

 

COLOR:

 

Its outer wood is yellow and gray. Belly wood ranges from light milk brown to dark brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

Walnut timber is medium hard and tight fiber. It is one of the heavy trees. The ability to connect with nails, screws and glue is sufficient. It has good resistance to physical effects. It works hard and attracts a lot. Easy to split. It is durable only in dry environment. It is processed easily and comfortably.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The specific weight of the walnut in the air dried sarcophagus is approximately 0.65 g / cm 3.

 

USE:

 

It is a superior quality and aesthetically valuable furniture tree. Interior design is highly sought after. It is used as a solid v coating. It gives successful results in carving and turning works. It can be used in musical instrument and model making.

 

MAPLE

 

GROWING:

 

Mixed in hornbeam forests. It also grows around Trabzon, Bolu, Kırklareli, Bursa, Denizli and Antalya. It is known as butterfly tree in some regions.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It is a small family with about 150 species. It is mostly shed, leafy, lobed, opposite, sometimes glabrous or simple leafy. There are varieties such as Norwegian maple tree, Sycamore leaf Maple, Tatar Maple, Italian maple tree, French maple tree Balkan Maple tree, Eastern maple tree.

 

COLOR:

 

The mountain maple tree is slightly yellowish white, the color of the plain maple tree is pink white. The color of the maple tree turns yellow over time.

 

PROPERTIES.

 

Maple is a hard and tight tree. It is co-structured. It is easy to process. It is flexible and highly flexible. It attracts little, it tends to crash and crack. It is very sensitive in humid environment, rots easily. In inappropriate conditions, insects and microorganisms are destroyed.

 

WEIGHT:

 

Not all types are of the same weight. The specific weight of the air dried maple tree varies between 0.56-0.68 gr / cm3.

 

USE:

 

In massive and veneer furniture production, musical instruments, kitchen tools, shoe molds, carving, intarsia, fine works prepared with a hacksaw, on the handles of toys and reel hand tools

 

ALDER

 

GROWING

 

It grows in creeks in the Black Sea, Thrace, Marmara and Mediterranean coastal regions.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

Alder is a group of mature wood trees. It is messy porous. The pores are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Year rings are specific. Essence rays are seen as strips and flakes in the profile section. The appearance of the extracts in the vein section is in the form of dark colored lines. There is no distinct color difference between the inner wood and the outer wood. Spots that occur spontaneously are encountered in the vascular section. Spring and autumn textures are not separated in certain lines. Vascular ornaments are also uncertain.

 

COLOR:

 

It is very light brown or pink white close to white. The alder, which is cut and left in the air, becomes yellowish red. As it dries, its color turns into rust red.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is a light, soft, loose structure tree. Easy to split. It is less flexible. It attracts a lot. The distortion rate of the study is low. It is durable under water. If the air humidity changes, it is not durable at all. It should not be used in such places. It is easily destroyed by insects and microorganisms. It is very well processed. Gives a shiny, smooth surface. It cracks a lot. It bonds well with glue. It is very well painted and varnished.

 

WEIGHT:

 

Air dried, alder specific gravity is approximately 0.60 g / cm 3.

 

USE:

 

It is used as solid, plywood and coating. The most widely used is plywood production. It is used in modeling, clogs, toys, cigarette boxes and packaging production, carved and turned works. Its coating is also used in the production of furniture to be painted.

 

ACACIA

 

GROWING:

 

Acacia does not create forests in Turkey. It is grown scattered in afforestation areas and parks.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It is from the group of belly wood trees. Outer wood is narrow, inner wood is wide. The ring of the year is certain and the ring is porous. Essence rays give a bright appearance in the profile, the pores forming the spring texture are large. Autumn texture is fine porous and dark. Due to the autumn texture, which is usually brown, it makes live vessel patterns. For the same reason, the year rings are evident.

 

COLOR:

 

Its outer wood is light yellowish white. Its inner wood is wide and yellowish green. Its color changes in the air over time. Green becomes brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

Acacia is a hard tree. Its texture is tight and firm. It is flexible. It shows great resistance to splitting. It has high resistance to knocking and friction. It is difficult to process. It is one of the most durable trees even in different weather conditions. Its pulling and working is balanced. It is not easily destroyed by insects and microorganisms. When it is grated, it gives a smooth and shiny surface. Since it is oily, it is hardly painted with water dyes.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The specific gravity of acacia air dryness ranges from approximately 0b70-0.90 g / cm 3.

 

USE:

 

It is a tree that gives good results in underwater underground constructions. Used in car making, tool handles, physical education tools. Furniture can be used in leather, especially in works with lathes, carvings and inlays.

 

 

PLANE

 

GROWING:

 

It grows in almost all regions of Turkey. It does not create a forest.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

Sycamore is from the group of trees with navel wood. Its outer wood is wide. It is messy porous. Essence rays are evident. It appears as bright and large flakes in the self section. Its rays resemble the hornbeam tree in its vein section. The pores are too small to be seen with the naked eye. It does not make clear vein pattern.

 

COLOR:

 

Its outer wood is light pink and white. Its inner wood is light brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is a hard and tightly textured tree. As it dries, it humps, bumps, cracks. It is not durable in different weather conditions. It will rot in a short time. Durability period is low in a suitable and regular environment. Resistance to physical effects is weak. It is sometimes difficult to process. It can be turned easily. Medium with nails and screws, good connection with glue. It is especially well polished with sandpaper. It has the ability to be painted, it is well varnished.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The specific weight of the air dried plane tree is 0.56 gr / cm3.

 

USE:

 

It is used as a chopping tool in the sycamore structures, in the production of kitchenware and in the packaging industry. It is limited to use in the furniture industry. It is sought in works with screws and inlays.

 

CHERRY

 

 

GROWING:

 

In the Black Sea region, scattered are found in the forests. However, it is widely grown in gardens in Turkey.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

Cherry is a group of trees with belly wood. Its outer wood is narrow. It is messy porous. Its pores are large in spring texture and thin in autumn texture. The annual ring is determined. It makes straight striped or wavy vein patterns, but the vein patterns do not appear too prominent, trace rays do not appear individually. It creates brightness to the surface by forming groups.

 

COLOR:

 

The outer wood of the cherry is yellowish pink and white. Its inner wood is light yellowish brown.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

Cherry is a fine texture, hard firm tree. It is difficult to split. Comfortable and easy to handle. Resistance to physical effects is weak. When it is grated, it gives a smooth and shiny surface. It pulls a lot while drying. It is not durable outdoors. It deteriorates in a short time in inappropriate conditions. It is easily destroyed by insects and microorganisms. It is crisp. The ability to connect with nails, screws and glue is good. It can be pedal well. It is well painted and varnished.

 

WEIGHT:

 

Cherry species are encountered in different ranges. The specific gravity of the air dry is on average 0.60 gr / cm 3.

 

USE:

 

It is used as a solid and veneer in furniture and interior architecture. It is a tool in modeling in the production of musical instruments and scientific instruments, with carved works, turning inlay (Marküteri). Only quality belly wood of cherry should be used in quality works.

 

MAHOGANY

 

GROWING:

 

The homeland of the mahogany tree is West India and Central America. It grows in Africa. It is a hot climate tree It is mostly named according to its market place or the port it is sent to. For example, Cuban mahogany, Alaska mahogany, Bolivian mahogany. Sometimes it is named according to its structural feature. Sapelli mahogany, pyramid mahogany, red or yellow mahogany.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

It is a wood with belly wood. Depending on the type, it is sometimes very large and sometimes medium sized porous. The pores are in scattered order. Their self-determination is clear. There are different mahogany varieties that look striped, mottled, pathy, wavy and shining. The coating removed from the branches is sold under the name of practical mahogany. Pyramid mahogany carries very vivid vascular ornaments. The type of African mahogany or basket called mahogany has an interesting structural feature due to its directional acrid growth. This kind of mahogany, which makes iridescent, long shining veins, gives a vivid appearance to the material that its massive and coated material is used. Year ring boundaries are not distinctly separated.

 

COLOR:

 

Its outer wood is gray. It varies between yellow and red brown depending on the type of wood. Its color at the time of cutting becomes darker with the effect of air and over time.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is a tightly structured, less flexible tree. It is processed easily and clean. It works less, pulls less and cracks less. It is abundant. Therefore, it is one of the best painted trees. It is varnished well. It shows great resistance even in changing weather conditions. It has good quality of installation by connecting with nails, screws and glue. It is not easily demolished by insects and microorganisms. It gives successful results in carving and turning.

 

WEIGHT:

 

The specific gravity of air dried mahogany is approximately 0.50-0.60 gr / cm 3.

 

USE:

 

It is a tree with superior qualities that can be used for many different purposes. In joinery, parquet and stair construction in interior and exterior parts of buildings. It has a great use as a massive and veneer in shipping, musical instruments, turning, carving, inlaid works, and all modern and classic furniture.

 

ROSE

 

GROWING:

 

It grows in East India, West India, Australia and Brazil.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

There are many different species named according to where they grow. It is in the type of rose in the paduk tree, which was previously examined. It is a scattered porous tree. Essence rays are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye. It has a tight texture. Some types smell like roses.

 

COLOR:

 

Its outer wood is light yellow. It depends on the type of inner wood. Australian rose has a dark red vein. Brazilian rose is the same color but more vivid.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is one of the hard trees. It does not cause any difficulties while processing, it gives bright and smooth surface. Some types are oily. It is quite resistant to different weather. It is resistant to pests. It works less, it is split easily. It blunts the cutting edge of the cutting tools. It establishes a middle connection with the glue. It is varnished well.

 

WEIGHT:

 

Air dry specific gravity is 0.95 gr / cm3.

 

USE:

 

It is used as a massive and veneer in small size carved, turned ornaments, inlaid works, and furniture of superior art value.

 

SATIN WALNUT (AMERICAN WALNUT)

 

GROWING:

 

Its homeland is the southeast of the United States and Mexico. It is known as satin walnut in America.

 

STRUCTURE:

 

Its color and appearance are reminiscent of a smooth striped milling nut. It is a wood with belly wood. It has medium sized pores. It is messy porous. Their resumes are uncertain. The vein patterns are not as vibrant and beautiful as the local walnut. There is a distorted appearance.

 

COLOR:

 

Sometimes, it has a dark brown vein on a pale yellowish brown background. The veins also count. When it is cut, its color becomes dull, with the effect of air and over time.

 

PROPERTIES:

 

It is a very hard and tight tree. Easy to split. It contains a rubber-like substance. When polished, it gives a smooth surface in silk gloss. In terms of appearance and structural qualities, it is not as valuable as sufficient walnut. The ability to bond with glue is poor. Its tools blunt the cutter blades quickly. It is difficult to paint, well varnished.

 

WEIGHT:

 

Air dry specific gravity is 0.55 gr / cm3.

 

USE:

 

It has a wide usage in the regions where it grows. It is evaluated in solid furniture, plywood, veneer and furniture industry. Turkey production in furniture and interior architecture in the coating used to coat the surface of the broad and long.